While the official Syrian Coalition of Revolutionary and Opposition Forces has outlined a possible but still unlikely political process, I spent some time in Turkey recently with Syrian activists who produced and have now posted the following paper (also in Arabic) outlining their vision of a post-Asad future:
Syria: Vision of Tomorrow
A group of Syrian civil society activists meeting in Turkey examined the current situation in their country, suggested reasonable goals for a democratic transition over the next three years and defined courses of action to take their country in the desired directions. While Syria’s future depends on how and when the Assad regime finally departs, it also depends on the opposition having clear ideas about what to do once he is gone.
Goal: Citizens with equal rights participate in building the nation.
Present situation: There is no protection of equal rights in Syria today. People are arrested and killed for what they say. Kurds lack citizenship and property rights. The judiciary is not independent. People are arrested without warrants. There is no freedom of movement, as people are arrested for being outside their residential area or based on their place of origin. Some are executed without trial. The police and courts are corrupt and arbitrary. Security force violence against citizens is common.
Courses of action:
Goal: A civil state provides fairness, accountability and social justice.
Present situation: There is no civil state in Syria today. It is a military state composed of the army, security apparatus and civil servants who follow regime orders. Army officers, security officers and high officials determine priorities. They seek to transform the whole nation into an army, imposing military uniforms on school children, military lessons and military training camps, even at university level. Civilians supporting the regime form popular committees and are armed to fight the opposition. Seventy to eighty per cent of the wealth of the nation is concentrated in the hands of 2% of the society, creating fissures between social classes. Eighty per cent of government revenue goes to the military, under the pretext of defending the border with Israel.
Courses of action:
Goal: Disputes are resolved by nonviolent means.
Present situation: There is an absence of dialogue throughout the society. The regime today controls nongovernmental and civil society organizations. Peaceful activities like petitions, communiqués and rallies are repressed. The main media are under government control. The opposition media and lawyers working on human rights are persecuted. Martial law is enforced.
Courses of action:
Goal: Women and children have full rights and women are a main pillar of society.
Present situation: Women and children suffer particular deprivation of their rights in Syria today. Children have been arrested and tortured. Their schooling is riddled with Ba’athist propaganda. Children born without a father cannot have the mother’s family name. Women are murdered in so-called “honor” killings. Divorce, inheritance, custody and alimony laws are biased towards men. Women married to non-Syrians cannot pass citizenship to their children. Rapists are given the opportunity to marry their victims.
Courses of action:
Goal: A stable economy satisfies citizens’ needs.
Present situation: The Syrian economy is weak. Mainly monopolized by the governing minority, no local or international investments can operate without control by the Assad family. The revenues from sale of oil and gas go directly to the pockets of the ruling family. High customs duties make many goods too expensive for ordinary Syrians. Some customs border points are controlled by influential members of the regime, in addition to free-market shops at the borders. Smuggling is common and known to state officials. Lattakia port is a particular problem.
Unemployment is high. Suitable jobs are scarce. New ones are not being created. Ordinary people have difficulty meeting necessary expenses. Employees have few guaranteed rights in either the public or private sectors. Agricultural land is confiscated without compensation. Infrastructure was in bad shape even before the revolution. Services in the provinces and villages are poor, which encourages migration to cities. That causes more poverty, unemployment and congestion. Regime economic policy—like free trade with Turkey—has not benefited the Syrian economy.
Courses of action:
Goal: All Syrian citizens should have a free choice of religious practice and affiliation.
Present situation: The Syrian regime has been built since its beginnings on ethnic and racial discrimination, creating fissures between the various ethnicities and sects. For some sects, the freedom to practice religion has been limited. The regime has closed mosques and prevented people from praying. The regime exploits religion to serve its own interests, fooling large numbers of people in the society. Unfortunately, some of the opposition is also exploiting religion for its own interests.
One of the regime’s tactics has been to make minorities afraid of the majority and possible future extremism, thus portraying itself as a protector of minorities. At the same time, the regime has brutally oppressed certain ethnicities and religious sects and marginalized some areas due to their ethnic and religious affiliation.
Courses of action:
The group looks forward to renewal of nonviolent mobilization on March 15, the second anniversary of the revolution. This will include boycotts of regime-affiliated companies intended to compel the regime to end its reign of terror against the Syrian people and enter a serious dialogue for peaceful transition of authority.
February 11, 2013
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