Tag: Lebanon

The world is slowing down again

The world is slowing down again, after the sprint from Thanksgiving.  This time I’m sure it’s not just me:  no cars on the way downtown today, even though there were traffic jams on the Beltway.  I hope it helps the economy.

Here is my quick assessment of where things stand as we head into Christmas/New Year:

  • Sudan:  independence referendum is on track for January 9-15.  People (read “people in the know, more or less, whom I’ve talked to”) seem confident the North will accept the results.  Still no agreement on Abyei, which could be lost to the South, or on the many post-referendum issues (oil, citizenship, debt, border demarcation, etc.), which will be negotiated in the six-month transition period.
  • Iraq:  Maliki met the 30-day deadline by presenting his ministers to parliament Tuesday, with some temporary placeholders in important national security slots.  No one but me seems happy with the motley crew, but now let’s see if they can govern effectively.
  • Afghanistan:  President Karzai objects to the September parliamentary election results, which returned fewer of his favorites than he would like, but has agreed that parliament will meet January 20.  We’ll see.  The Obama Administration strategy review was little more than a sham–we’re in this war until 2014, when VP Biden says we’re out come hell or high water.
  • Palestine/Israel: no more hang up on the settlement freeze, which Washington abandoned.  Both parties are pursuing their “Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement”:  Israel is building, Palestine has received a spate of recognitions.
  • Koreas:  After indulging in an artillery barrage against a South Korean island, North Korea has turned down the volume, but there is no real progress on the issues.
  • Iran:  Ahmedinejad fired his foreign minister and brought in the MIT-educated atomic energy chief, who knows his stuff.  Sanctions are biting and the regime is abolishing subsidies to cope.  Americans and Europeans hope rising gasoline prices will generate popular pressure on the regime.  Little sign of that so far.  Next P5+1 meeting in late January.
  • Lebanon: bracing for the Special Tribunal verdict (still!), with Tehran backing Hizbollah in denouncing the whole process.
  • Egypt: voted in unfree and unfair elections that won’t even do much good for President Mubarak.
  • Balkans:  Kosovo elections marred by ballot stuffing, causing reruns in some municipalities January 9.  A Swiss opponent of Kosovo independence accused Prime Minister Thaci of heinous crimes.  Montenegrin PM Djukanovic resigned, Croatia arrested its own former PM, Bosnia is having trouble forming a government.  Mladic of course still at large.
  • Burma:  Aung San Suu Kyi still moving cautiously.  I guess when you’ve been under house arrest that long a bit of caution is in order.

The earth was spinning pretty fast for President Obama until today.  He got a big new stimulus package (in the guise of tax cuts), repeal of Don’t Ask Don’t Tell (if you don’t know what that is, don’t ask and I won’t tell), ratification of New START (that’s when you have too many nuclear weapons and need an agreement with Russia to allow you to get rid of some while giving in to upgrading others), food safety regulation, and health benefits as well as compensation for the 9/11 rescue and cleanup crews.  Former New York City Mayor Giuliani, probably frightened they would hand the $4.2 billion bill to him, was notably off in Paris promoting an Iranian group that has made its way onto the U.S. government list of terrorist organizations.

The president lost two battles:  a few of the rich get to keep a lot of money even though the government needs it more than they do, and kids brought illegally to the U.S. through no fault of their own don’t get to stay just because they want to go to college or serve in the armed forces.  I guess you can tell whose side I’m on.

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A helpful reminder of the Ottoman Empire

Juan Cole helpfully provides a map of the Ottoman Empire, 1798-1923, under the heading “the real background of the modern Middle East.”

Why is this helpful?  Because it illustrates how many of today’s enduring conflicts–not only those termed “Middle Eastern”–are rooted in the Ottoman Empire and its immediate neighborhood:  Bosnia, Kosovo, Greece/Turkey, Armenia/Azerbaijan, Israel/Arabs (Palestine, Syria, Lebanon), Iraq, Iraq/Iran, Shia (Iran)/Sunni (Saudi Arabia, Egypt), North/South Sudan, Yemen.

Ottoman success in managing the many ethnic and sectarian groups inhabiting the Empire, without imposing conformity to a single identity (and without providing equal rights) has left the 21st century with problems it finds hard to understand, never mind resolve.

In much of the former Ottoman Empire, many people refuse to be labeled a “minority” just because their numbers are fewer than other groups, states are regarded as formed by ethnic groups rather than by individuals, individual rights are often less important than group rights and being “outvoted” is undemocratic.

A Croat leader in Bosnia told me 15 years ago that one thing that would never work there was “one man, one vote.”  It just wasn’t their way of doing things.  For a decision to be valid, a majority of each ethnic group was needed , not a majority of the population as a whole.

In a society of this sort, a boycott by one ethnic group is regarded as invalidating a decision made by the majority:  the Serbs thought their boycott of the Bosnia independence referendum should have invalidated it, but the European Union had imposed a 50 per cent plus one standard.  There lie the origins of war.

The question of whether Israel is a Jewish state is rooted in the same thinking that defined Yugoslavia as the kingdom of the Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, and it bears a family resemblance to the thinking behind “Greater Serbia” and “Greater Albania.”  If it is the ethnic group that forms the state, why should there be more than one state in which that ethnic group lives?

Ours is a state (yes, that is the proper term for what we insist on calling the Federal Government) built on a concept of individual rights, equal for all.  The concept challenges American imaginations from time to time:  certainly it did when Truman overcame strong resistance to integrate the US Army, and it is reaching the limits of John McCain’s imagination in the debate over “don’t ask, don’t tell.”  But the march of American history is clearly in the direction of equal individual rights.

That is a direction many former Ottoman territories find it difficult to take, because some groups have more substantial rights than others; even when the groups’ rights are equal, they can veto each other.  A lot of the state-building challenge in those areas arises from this fundamental difference.

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The week the world slowed down

Or was it just me?  After a week of over-indulging, and 10 hours of driving yesterday, I needed an update.  So here is the exercise, intended to get us back into form for the race to December 25:

  • Sudan:  registration for the January 9 referendum on South Sudan independence extended to December 8; still no agreement(s) on Abyei.
  • Iraq:  on November 25 (while we were stuffing down turkey) President Talabani formally asked Nouri al Maliki to form a government–he’s got 30 days.
  • Afghanistan:  warrants issued to arrest election officials who disqualified candidates President Karzai wanted to see elected in the September 18 poll.
  • Palestine/Israel: still hung up on the settlement freeze, so far as I can tell.  Someone correct me if I am wrong!
  • Koreas:  the U.S. and South Korea went ahead with naval exercises, China is calling for six-party talks and North Korea continues to sound belligerent.
  • Iran:  sounding more defensive than belligerent, but offering the Lebanese Army (and Hizbollah) assistance and still thinking about executing a woman for adultery.
  • Lebanon: bracing for the Special Tribunal verdict (still), with PM Hariri reaching out to Tehran to cushion the impact.
  • Egypt:  voting today, after crackdowns and a severe tilt of the playing field towards President Mubarak’s National Democratic Party.
  • Balkans:  Kosovo getting ready to vote for parliament December 12.

I won’t say it was the week the earth stood still, but I don’t feel I missed a whole lot.  One more thing to be thankful for.  Enlighten me if you disagree!

P.S.  In case you were wondering about Burma:  Aung San Suu Kyi is still moving cautiously.

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Hizbollah to fight zombie?

Marc Lynch thinks the Special (“Zombie”) Tribunal for Lebanon lacks credibility, so why give it $10 million?  But the more important question is this:  how will Hizbollah react if the indictments finger it?  Can Lebanon, an already weak state, survive the blowback?

The Zombie Tribunal for Lebanon | Marc Lynch.

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Tell me the Senator isn’t running for SecState

Laura Rozen reviews Senator Kerry’s visits to Khartoum, Beirut and Damascus.  Clearly well-coordinated with State, but also clearly calculated to keep the Senator in the running.  No harm in that–Hillary Clinton can’t stay on forever.

Laura Rozen: on foreign policy – POLITICO.com.

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